Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 107

Assignment Example Chapter 22 is called genitourinary alterations. This chapter talks about diseases that attack the urinary tract and the genitals. The chapter further provides treatment and nursing care for victims suffering from genitourinary alterations. It also talks about the pathophysiology of these alterations. Chapter 23 on the other hand, talks about gastrointestinal alterations. These are defects that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The chapter then goes deeper to further elaborate on these alterations. The chapter then gives as ways in which we can take care of patients diagnosed with these alterations. Chapter 24 talks about respiratory alterations. These are diseases that affect the lungs and trachea; the respiratory system. These alterations hinder with the intake of oxygen in the body and may also lead to an increase in production of carbon dioxide in the body. The chapter then tells means of controlling and treating these alterations. In conclusion, upon completion of the reading of this book a student should be able to know pharmacological treatments for these alterations. Pharmacology deals with the study of drug action. Hence one should know which drug is appropriate for which disease and how the drug acts in the

Change Management and Communication Plan Essay Example for Free

Change Management and Communication Plan Essay Riordan Manufacturing is doing big things to improve their organization. They have decided to change how the organization manages their customer management system. The company has not had any formal system for managing their customer information and has in the past left this up to each individual employee. This new system will incorporate the use of one customer management system that will be accessed by all employees. Our team will be assisting with this process and will ensure that our plan will make Riordan more effective. During this process we will need to have several planning meetings to assist with the implementation of this new process and the use of our new customer management system. We as a team will ensure that all steps are carefully planned and well presented to the employees. Our number one goal is to make the company more effective. The topics we will need to address include the organizational structure to include chain of command, organizational culture, and the strategy we will use to make these changes effective. Their current method of management is the chain of command. This allows each division to have a supervisor and many levels between the bottom and the top. The level of supervision includes supervisors, middle managers, and executive managers. The informal power structure is a team-oriented working environment. Assignments are currently being completed by appropriate communication among the employees. The lack of focus on individual success is often overlooked. Decentralization can also be a disadvantage as it can lead to control problems for management. This structure can generally increase conflict among employees. The most effective organizational structure that would benefit Riordan would include self-directed teams. Riordan’s team environment would be excellent for  self-directed teams. Self-directed teams can offer several advantages. The largest factor we considered is motivating the employees. This will allow them the highest level of job satisfactory by boosting morale and giving them meaningful positions. Employees that have high levels of job satisfactory are much more engaged in supporting their organization. An employee’s behavior is influenced by their company’s culture. The organizational culture at Riordan includes fairness, dedication, teamwork, performance evaluations and benefits accommodations. Everything the company offers is factored into the culture. These influence an employee’s motivation and will help an employee grow and gain additional experience and knowledge. Some potential influences include career advancement, job security which in return will lead to loyal employees, excellent customer service provided by the employees, and compensation satisfaction. One of the most difficult challenges a company is tasked with is implementing change. As long as a company knows and understands how to effectively implement change, the less resistance they will receive. Reasons that employees resist change include: lack of awareness to the change, fear of being out of comfort zone, fear of not understanding the reasons for change, personal feelings towards the change, conflicts, and fear for lack of job security. Management should always be prepared to effectively deal and handle the resistance most employees will impose. Some strategies Riordan Company should follow include; effective communication of any ideas and implementation of change prior to the change date. Management should always be mindful of employee concerns and work on different training methods to help them cope with any changes that will be occurring. Every employee should be given the opportunity to provide feedback regarding the changes. Another strategy is to expect the resistance when implementation takes place. The best way to handle that is to address it formally and identify the root causes of the change as well as appoint the right leaders to effectively communicate and address any potential issues. As far as the implementation of the new system goes, the next 12 months will be critical. A plan will help to dictate the direction in which the plan will take the business. Providing a detailed step-by-step instruction manual, so to speak, will be the best chance for the success of the implementation. It may take a bit longer, but implementing the plan only one step at a time will make for  an effortless transaction from one norm to the next. This will also allow for feedback of the employees without aggravation, which will also give them time for significant improvements. At first, the employees will likely be confused by the change. It will take time to adapt to the new norm before an evaluation of the success can be determined. Training will be of great importance. Having a pre-knowledge of the upcoming events will prepare the employees for the inevitable. We know that the change is coming and so should they. The customer base is the best way to know for sure if the plan is effective. Most businesses only exist as a service to a customer; therefore, training the employees on the right and wrong reactions to the customers and the service that they r eceive will be the primary goal for Riordan Manufacturing. This will give the sense that the company is making the necessary changes to better serve them. The Communication Plan Riordan Manufacturing communication plan will consist of a formal email being sent to all managers in charge of specific sectors about the Change Management Plan with a follow up of sector face-to-face meetings. A formal email being sent out will ensure the message being delivered in a timely fashion to prepare the managers for the change. It will also give them more time to prepare a face-to-face meeting with all sector employees before the change is made. The face-to-face meeting will ensure the employees that Riordan Manufacture messages about any change that could affect them are being relayed on a more personable level. This channel will also allow manager to receive feedback from employees whether it is questions or concerns. A barrier that could be a problem for the managers trying to deliver this Change Management Plan is Communication Apprehension. This kind of barrier takes place when an individual gets extremely nervous, anxious, or even tense when speaking or trying to send any type of communication to others. Since the managers are going to have individual face-to-face meeting with their group of employees, we hope that each manager will have the courage to speak up effectively and accurately about the change. To ensure that there has been effective communication to all employees the managers who delivered  the messages will have to send a report back about the reactions shared by the employees during the meeting. Riordan Manufacturing is excited to announce a new customer management system. This new system will be accessible by all employees and will allow us to provide the most effective customer service possible. During the next few weeks, Department Managers will have face to face meetings with all staff members. Team A will provide an overview of the new system and will allow the opportunity for employees to address concerns and ask questions. Please take this time and offer feedback, your feedback and concerns are vital to the success of this organization. Our number one goal is to deliver the best customer service to both internal and external customers. Together we can make this change a success. In conclusion communication and planning are the two most important things when implementing change within any organization. Employees need to know that their input is appreciated and heard. Allowing managers and employees the opportunity to provide feedback will increase morale and will maintain high levels of job satisfaction. Riordan Manufacturing has taken the necessary steps to implement the new customer management system with proper planning and communication.

Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted :: English Literature

Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted Ella Enchanted by Gail Carson Levine is the story of a girl who is cursed at birth by a fairy named Lucinda. The fairy Lucinda tries to bestow a blessing on Ella but instead curses her with total obedience to every command. This "gift" is very dangerous because Ella must obey every command anyone issues her, even if they were to command her to kill herself. This book tells of Ella's journey to find Lucinda and reverse the spell that has haunted her since birth. Ella meets many people on her quest. The whole book isn't just about her quest though It is about her growing as a person and falling in love. Throughout the book Ella tries to discover who she really is and what she wants to become. Ella learns about her past and starts to discover a new future she can have if she can just overcome her past. On her journey Ella discovers that people are not always as they seem and that you have the power to change anything you want. In Ella Enchanted, Levine develops Ella and the characters around her. The main characters in the story are Ella, Lucinda, her fairy godmother Mandy, Ella's Father, and Prince Charmont. Throughout the book Ella makes some very strange choices. Later these choices are seen as efforts to protect the people she loves from the curse she is under. When Lucinda casts a spell on Ella, a huge mess results. If I were Lucinda I would have thought before I cast a spell. While Lucinda thought she was doing a good deed, had she thought on the matter further she would have realized that total obedience would really be a curse. In Ella enchanted the interactions between the characters plays a huge part in setting the mood and making the story more comprehensible. While I was reading this book, I was wondering why Ella has such a hard time convincing Lucinda that she was wrong! It was so obvious, to me, that the gift of total obedience would really be a curse. Throughout this book, I felt many different emotions. I was sad, hopeful and despairing at times. Other times I was excited, thrilled, and on the edge of my seat. Always wondering what was going to happen next. Ella Enchanted never has a dull moment. Throughout the book, Levine manages to keep the reader's attention while telling a magnificent and magical story. In Ella Enchanted the style is evident throughout the story. Levine uses "old-fashioned" language like "nightdresses" and "delighted to make your acquaintance. Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted :: English Literature Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted Ella Enchanted by Gail Carson Levine is the story of a girl who is cursed at birth by a fairy named Lucinda. The fairy Lucinda tries to bestow a blessing on Ella but instead curses her with total obedience to every command. This "gift" is very dangerous because Ella must obey every command anyone issues her, even if they were to command her to kill herself. This book tells of Ella's journey to find Lucinda and reverse the spell that has haunted her since birth. Ella meets many people on her quest. The whole book isn't just about her quest though It is about her growing as a person and falling in love. Throughout the book Ella tries to discover who she really is and what she wants to become. Ella learns about her past and starts to discover a new future she can have if she can just overcome her past. On her journey Ella discovers that people are not always as they seem and that you have the power to change anything you want. In Ella Enchanted, Levine develops Ella and the characters around her. The main characters in the story are Ella, Lucinda, her fairy godmother Mandy, Ella's Father, and Prince Charmont. Throughout the book Ella makes some very strange choices. Later these choices are seen as efforts to protect the people she loves from the curse she is under. When Lucinda casts a spell on Ella, a huge mess results. If I were Lucinda I would have thought before I cast a spell. While Lucinda thought she was doing a good deed, had she thought on the matter further she would have realized that total obedience would really be a curse. In Ella enchanted the interactions between the characters plays a huge part in setting the mood and making the story more comprehensible. While I was reading this book, I was wondering why Ella has such a hard time convincing Lucinda that she was wrong! It was so obvious, to me, that the gift of total obedience would really be a curse. Throughout this book, I felt many different emotions. I was sad, hopeful and despairing at times. Other times I was excited, thrilled, and on the edge of my seat. Always wondering what was going to happen next. Ella Enchanted never has a dull moment. Throughout the book, Levine manages to keep the reader's attention while telling a magnificent and magical story. In Ella Enchanted the style is evident throughout the story. Levine uses "old-fashioned" language like "nightdresses" and "delighted to make your acquaintance.

Laws of Migration Essay

Mr. E.G. Ravenstein established a theory of human migration in the 1880s that still forms the basis for modern migration theory. He called it the â€Å"Laws of Migration†, which the books have divided them into three general categories: characteristics of migrants, patterns of migration, and volume of migration. I believe people move for a variety of reasons, but his philosophies were basic on census results over time which makes it very creditable to me and these tendencies of migration still show currently. I will discuss, in the next few paragraphs, my reasoning of why I agree with Mr. Ravenstein â€Å"laws of migration†, and how those laws still apply today. The first general category is characteristic of migrants, which is described by the book as â€Å"selective†. I understand this category as the people that want to or the people that are forces to leave their homeland because of a major circumstance, not everyone wants to leave their homes. Religious or political reasons appear to be at the top of the list. For example, Cuba has a communist government that forces people to agree with the government. Where people do not agree with the government’s views or decisions they are not allowed to express their opinion. People from Cuba are force to leave the island if the government finds that they are looking for options to leave or trying to take action against the government. On the other hand, there are people in Cuba that are happy with the government. They do not have any decider to leave the island. They also like the rules in place for the community and believed that everyone should follow them. Another general category that the book describes is patters of immigration. I see this category as the pull factor describes on page 17 as â€Å"to those attractive forces emanating from the migrants’ goal that draws migrants†. I see the pull factor as the idea of people to emerge from poverty or the inabili ty to use acquired professional skills. This concept still happens today, my own experience is a clear example of it. In the years 1999 to 2006 Argentina reached an economic crisis, the patters at the time was to come to the United States because the better future was here. My mother and I came to the United States back in 2000 from Argentina. One of the reasons that my mother decided to come to the United State was for a better future for me. I attended Miami Beach Senior High school, where I found a group of kids that were from Argentina. Their parents had decided to come to the U.S. for their better future. There were many people in Argentina with professional degrees but not many with good jobs. My mother and those kids parents were persuade by the idea that having a degree in the United States was more valued that a degree from my country. The last general category is volume of migration which I can relate to the availability of affordable transportation and other advantages related to globalization and advances in technology, many recent immigrants are not forced to sever ties with the families they leave behind. People consider the advantages and disadvantages of staying versus moving, as well as factors such as distance, travel costs, travel time, modes of transportation, terrain, and cultural barriers before moving. For example, the volume of migrants that comes from Mexico every day to make money or to achieve a better standard of leaving. They still provide for their families in Mexico but they believed working in the U.S. is far more effective, easier, and produce way more money in a short period of time. In conclusion, I agree with Mr. Ravenstein â€Å"laws of migration† because I can relate his philosophy to today’s world and still see the same reasoning. Cuba, Argentina and Mexico are a clear example of his migration point of view.

VO2 Max and Aerobic Power

Oxygen is one of the vital elements of life because it acts as a fuel for aerobic respiration, which is the energy source in all organisms (the other fuel being glucose). Without energy from respiration, organisms simply die. As an organism (in this case me, a human) does work, it needs more energy. Thus it will need more fuel and particularly more oxygen since glucose can be stored in the body. The oxygen intake increases as the rate of work done increases, up to a limit known as your VO2 max. VO2 max is the maximum volume of oxygen uptake (hence the V in VO2) anyone can use. It is measured in millilitres per minute per kilogram of body mass (mlO2 min-1 kg-1). People who are more fit have higher VO2 max values and can exercise more intensely than those who are not very fit. Factors Affecting VO2 Max The physical limitations that restrict the rate at which energy can be released aerobically are dependent upon: > The chemical ability of the muscular cellular tissue system to use oxygen in breaking down fuels and, > The combined ability of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems to transport the oxygen to the muscular tissue system.1 The Aim VO2 max can be measured in a variety of ways1. The aim of this experiment is to find out the subjects VO2 max and then covert it to the total aerobic power output. The Method VO2 max can be measured fairly accurately by doing a â€Å"shuttle run† style test (known as â€Å"The Multistage Fitness Test† A.K.A. â€Å"The Beep Test†). Basically, someone has to run a 20 meter track at the starting speed of 8.5 kmh-1 for one minute. Once the person finishes the 20 meter track, they must run back at the same speed, and thus we get an oscillating pattern from one end of the track to the other until the minute is over. The speed is increased by 1 kmh-1 every minute (so after one minute of running at 8.5 kmh-1, the person must run the second minute at 9.5 kmh-1). The same pattern is repeated only this time, because the person (the subject) is running at a higher speed during the same amount of time (one minute), they are going to cover a larger distance and therefore more of the 20 meter laps (in theory anyway). This fact only works in theory because will most of the speeds, the subject can not run a set (integer) number of laps in exactly one minute. It turns out that if the subject runs at 8.5 kmh-1 for one minute, they will cover 7.08 laps. This is impractical (how can you tell that the subject ran 7.08 laps!) and so the number of laps must be rounded up or rounded down to an integer number of laps. Once a set number of integer laps are set, we work out the time taken to run the integer number of laps. (Refer to Columns [5] and [6]). The subject continues running until he or she can no longer keep up the pace. The speed that the subject sustains (i.e. the speed before the speed that the subject stops on) is known as the Maximum Aerobic Speed (MAS) and is measured in kmh-1. Once we have the MAS, we can work out the VO2 max in the following formula: VO2 max = 31 + 3.2 x (MAS – Subject's Age [years]) + 0.15 x MAS x Age The unit for VO2 max is: mlO2 min-1 kg-1. (Note: The above formula is a â€Å"conversion formula developed by researchers, to give an accurate measure of VO2 max†. See Activity Sheet 26) After calculating the VO2 max, we can convert it to maximum aerobic power output. Because the subject will be working with a high energy output, running requires a lot of energy; the only way to keep going is by aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration doesn't provide the high amounts of energy that are needed in such exercises, especially for longer periods of time e.g. ten minutes. For every litre of oxygen consumed, the subject's muscles use 20kJ of energy. The total amount of oxygen consumed in a minute is the VO2 max multiplied by the body mass of the subject. This gives us the total oxygen intake of the subject in ml per minute (mlO2 min-1), since VO2 max is millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body mass per minute. Once we have the total oxygen intake in mlO2 min-1, we multiply it by 20 (if 1 litre gives 20,000 J, then 1 millilitre will give 20 J) to get the total amount of energy used (i.e. power) in Joules per minute, (J min-1). Power (J min-1) = VO2 max (mlO2 min-1 kg-1) x Body Mass (kg) x 20 J mlO2-1 Power (W, Js-1) = Power (J min-1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 60 s min-1 Conventionally, the power output is measured in Watts per kilogram of body mass, W kg-1 (See Table 3 on Pg 37 of the text book, Salters Horners Advanced Physics), therefore we would need to divide the total power by the subject's mass. However the aim of the experiment is to find out the total aerobic power output. (At least that is what the Activity Sheet 26 says, under the last bullet point in the Analysis section) This means that there is no need to divide the total power output by the subject's mass. We just leave the total power output in Watts. (For Prepared Formulas and An Interactive VO2 max calculator, See File Formula Input Form.xls) Interestingly, the test given on the website1 for calculating VO2 max (look for The Multi-Stage Fitness Test) differs in some ways from the one suggested in Activity Sheet 26. One of the differences is the increase of the speed is 0.5 kmh-1 every minute, not 1 kmh-1. Also, if the subject doesn't complete a whole minute at the speed of 15.5 kmh-1, for example if the subject managed to complete 3 out of the 13 laps, then the subject would have a different (lower) VO2 max than if 10 laps were completed. Later on, I will discuss this issue and other differences in more detail (Under the Evaluation). The Table (Table 1) If you refer to Table 1 (File Table 1.xls) you will see all of the information needed and all of the calculations have been done beforehand. I compiled this table using Microsoft Excel(r). Below is a brief explanation of the table. Column [1] The speed of the subject, in kmh-1. Column [2] The speed of the subject given in ms-1. To convert speed from kmh-1 to ms-1, we multiply by 1,000 (converting km to m) and divide by 3600 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½[60 x 60] is converting hours to seconds). Simplified, converting kmh-1 to ms-1 we multiply by 10/36. Therefore: Column [2] = Column [1] x 10/36 Column [3] The time taken to complete one lap can be worked out by the below formula Velocity (ms-1)= Distance (m) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Time (s), if we re-arrange the formula to make time the subject we get: Time (s) = Distance (m) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Velocity (ms-1). The distance is of one lap is 20 m and the velocity has been calculated in Column [2]. Column [3] is just: Column [3] = 20m à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Column [2]. Column [4] This is the number of laps made in one minute (60 seconds). If I know that it takes 8.47 s to run one lap, I can calculate the total number of laps made in 60 seconds be dividing 60 seconds by the time taken to run one lap. So: ? of Laps in 60 seconds = 60 seconds à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Time Taken to Run One Lap Column [4] = 60 s à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Column [3] Column [5] This is just Column [4] rounded up or down to give us an integer number of laps. It means I don't have to deal with 7.08 laps and suchlike. Column [6] This is the time taken to run the integer number of laps. We calculate this by multiplying the time taken to run one lap (Column [3]) by the integer number of laps (Column [5]). Time to Run Integer ? of Laps = Time to Run One Lap x Integer ? of Laps Column [6] = Column [3] x Column [5] Column [7] Since we know that each lap is 20 meters and we know how many integer laps the subject will run, we can find out the total distance covered during a specific speed by multiplying 20 meters by the integer number of laps. Total Distance Covered During a Speed = 20 m x Integer ? of Laps Column [7] = 20 m x Column [5] Column [8] Column [8] is the cumulative distance ran. Here, the distances are added up (accumulated) so that we know the total distance ran through the whole activity. The cumulative distance is the total of the previous distances (previous speeds) plus the distance of the current speed. Column [9] Column [9] is the cumulative time taken for the activity. It is in seconds and works in pretty much way as Column [8], i.e. the times of the previous runs are added to the current run to give the total cumulative time. Column [10] This is the cumulative time presented in a more familiar and user friendly format, the minute : second style. This is just here to give a sense of how long 840 seconds are. The Tape (or The Slideshow) In order to make the subject run at the times listed on the Table, I will need to prepare a tape or some sort of timing device. After attempting to make a tape and failing miserably, I decided to use Microsoft PowerPoint(r) instead (making the tape proved to be a long winded, boring and fruitless exercise), because, with PowerPoint, I can set time intervals between slide transitions and add sounds on every slide transition, making it a visual as well as an aural aid and I can have a lot more fun making it! (i.e. I can have lots of â€Å"interesting† and slightly odd sounds on the slide show) I also realised that it would be more helpful (to the subject) if I had a sound in the middle of each lap and to have a marker on the middle of the lap (10 meters). In case the subject is going too slowly and doesn't reach the middle marker when the middle bleep sounds, they can speed up to reach the end of the lap in time. However there is a slight disadvantage with using PowerPoint because the transition periods can only be set to 0.1 of a second (1 d.p.) and the lap times are given to 0.01 of a second (2 d.p.) and some of the half laps are to 0.001 of a second (3 d.p.). Therefore I have had to alter the timing of the transitions slightly so that there isn't a cumulative error. For example, during the first speed (8.5 kmh-1), it takes 4.235 seconds to complete half a lap, but I can only have 4.2 and 4.3 as time intervals in PowerPoint, therefore I had to find a pattern that consisted of 4.2 and 4.3 time intervals to fit the 4.235 time interval as well as possible. This technique took quite some time, however, using Excel helped greatly. With Excel, I could input different patterns (using 4.2 and 4.3 seconds) and view the sum automatically. If it wasn't right (i.e. if the total time wasn't near the time in Column [6] in Table 1), I simply changed the pattern until I got the closest time. Also I decided that there wasn't a need to go beyond 13.5 kmh-1 because when we did a warm up to the test (a kind of preliminary), none of the subjects managed to run over a thousand meters. In order for any of the subjects to complete the 13.5 kmh-1 speed, they would need to run at least 1100 meters, therefore there was no point in extending the presentation beyond that speed. (See Files Timing.xls for the pattern generating, and Timing Presentation.ppt, listen out for a treat during the last few slides) The Safety (Issues) It is always important to consider safety in any situation, and it is especially important in this type of activity where there is a fairly high risk of an accident and or an injury occurring. Below is a set of guidelines that the subject and others present during the activity should follow. The subject should begin with a five to ten minute warm-up period, before the test is started. It should consist of stretches and short runs where the subject should rapidly accelerate and then decelerate. This helps the subject to run better in the test and also helps avoiding any muscle cramps during the test. In the (relatively) unlikely event of the subject falling, or hurting him/herself in any other way, the subject should stop running immediately. Also if the subject feels any pain or dizziness, they should stop. The subject should not continue with the test, even if they seem or appear to have recovered. The Results The results are in the Result Sheet (unsurprisingly). The results were gathered from the experiment, which was conducted with ten subjects, including myself. They are in order of VO2 max. (The Results Table can be found in Results.xls) The Evaluation After completing the experiment, I worked out the aerobic power of the subjects very easily, with the help of Excel. I personally found the experiment enjoyable and it my got the heart pumping! (A somewhat rarity in physics, consider electricity†¦ ok, maybe pacemakers, and the way they electrically shock people who have had heart attacks with two funny looking handle things, not much else though). However, there were many problems I encountered while conducting the experiment. To begin with, we couldn't find a 20 meter track anywhere in our school, considering the fact that there had to be a socket close by since my timing mechanism uses a computer (there are three sports halls in the school, but they were all busy). Therefore, I had to settle for a smaller 10 meter track. The fact that I had midpoint bleeps in the timing mechanism meant that each bleep (midpoint and full-length bleeps) was a signal for the subjects to reach the end of the 10 meter track. This meant the timing was not affected, however the experiment could have been affected greatly. (See the Miscellaneous Calculations section) Secondly, in the Activity Sheet, it says, â€Å"For every litre of oxygen consumed, 20kJ of energy are transferred to the subject's muscles†. However it fails to mention whether or not some of that energy is lost as heat and other ways of energy loss (e.g. fiction from the ground, the energy needed to stop at the end of every lap and even the energy needed to move the muscles themselves, i.e. contracting and relaxing of muscles). There are no suggestions or hints on how much of the energy is used to propel the subject. Although this can be calculated in the kinetic energy equation, EK = 1/2mv2, and the power equation P = ?E/?t . However, I suspect that these energy fluctuations are taken into account via the VO2 max formula. But even the formula itself isn't very accurate in my opinion. As I mentioned earlier, if two subjects managed to sustain the same MAS (Maximum Aerobic Speed) but one of the subjects ran more laps, then logically that subject has a higher VO2 max. This logicality is not, in any way, included in the formula. On the website (See Note 1 of Reference) the tables show that if one of the subjects ran more laps during the same speed, that subject would have a higher VO2 max that if he/she managed to run a smaller number of laps. Therefore, I do not believe that the formula for calculating VO2 max on the Activity Sheet 26 gives a correct quantitative value of the subject's VO2 max. Although the experiment has shown that some of the subjects are fitter that others (i.e. the experiment is correct qualitatively), it did not produce reliable figures with regard to the VO2 max of the subject. On the first of the Activity Sheets, Figure A26.2 shows a line graph of VO2 max for boys and girls at different ages. According to the graph, 16-year-old boys should have a VO2 max of 52-53 mlO2 min-1 kg-1. Ops! (My VO2 max is nowhere near that, or at least the formula tells me that it is nowhere near that). It shows that I am not as healthy as I should be, considering that my mass is 85 kg! Unlike Robert, who is a very healthy person and managed to run at a high enough speed to get a high VO2 max. (Although I should stress again my doubt about the numbers given by the formula) The Miscellaneous Calculations A velocity-time curve of the subject's motion. Note the area under both of the curves should be equal since the same distance, 10 meters, is travelled. The distance is the speed multiplied by the time i.e. the area under the graph. A As mentioned earlier, the energy needed to propel a subject can be calculated via the kinetic energy equation. EK = 1/2mv2 and P = ?E/?t My mass is 85 kg. If I ran one lap at 8.5 kmh-1 (which is 2.36 ms-1, Refer to Table 1), the energy needed is: EK = 1/2mv2 so, EK = 1/2 x 85kg x (2.36ms-1)2 EK = 236.7 J If the above amount of energy were delivered by my muscles in one lap (10 meters, since that was the length each subject had to run) at 8.5 kmh-1, it would have taken 8.47/2 seconds (only half a lap, 10 meters). So: P = ?E/?t P = 236.7/4.235 P = 55.9 Js-1, W However, if I ran 20 meters, then the power is: P = 236.7/8.47 P = 27.9 Js-1, W The amount of energy accumulated while running a lap is then dissipated towards the end (of each lap) as the subject must come to rest i.e. the velocity is zero. Notice also that because the subject has to accelerate at the beginning of every lap, some extra energy is needed for that acceleration. The subject must accelerate every 10 meters because he/she has stop and then run in the opposite direction. As the lap distance decreases, the power transfer increases. This shortage (of lap distance) will also cause the subject to accelerate and decelerate more often. Therefore, the smaller the lap distance, the larger the error could be (due to the fact that some of the energy is used up in accelerating). Using a 10 meter track instead of a 20 meter track could have affected the results because this meant more energy used in accelerating. It is therefore, justifiable to say that had the track been longer (i.e. 20 meters), myself and all of the other subjects could have been able to sustain a higher speed instead of the one that was achieved.

Square Dancing Essay Example

Square Dancing Essay Example Square Dancing Paper Square Dancing Paper Essay Topic: Rip Van Winkle What is Square Dancing? Square dancing was first developed by lonely farmers as a means of entertaining and wooing their livestock (or at least thats the rumor Im choosing to believe/spread). But honestly, how drunk on moonshine and bored with wife-beating did people used to be to develop this Jig of humiliation? More importantly, how†I reiterate HOW is it still around today? I mean wasnt Bugs Bunny mocking this like 60+ years ago? Barnfolk during a hootenanny. Personally, Im for Jettisoning into the sun everyone involved in any non-farming interaction that regularly takes place in a barn. Who the hell wants to dance around a riggin barn?! Barnfolk, thats who† and they permanently forgot to evolve. Lets talk about some things that would be present at any square dance Jig- off. First, its impossible to picture a group of people square dancing without there being that one guy with the obscenely long Rip Van Winkle beard. Of course, he wasnt magically asleep for 20 years when it grew, unless you count his life-long whiskey haze and vow against critical thinking. Second, the band always does that foot-stomp knee-slap head-bob thing, telepathically conveying the message were all a bunch of sinine hicks and we love it! The head-bob is the and we love it part. Third, well you may not see this, but square dancing is the only dance where its easy to picture a random farm animal suddenly standing up on two legs, Joining in, and it seems natural. Another bumpkin seduced by a Jigging goat. Bumpkins promenading across the room with goats and sheep; why not? They make- out with them regularly anyhow. I will admit Im fairly su rprised they called it square dancing at all considering the highest level of schooling in the room is probably a forged G. E. D. like they know what a square is) Bunch of geometrically confused hill-folk buck-toothed and guffawing as they spin around a cow trough. Damn I hate that square dancing still exists! One thing thats hard for me to picture is anyone hearing square dance music coming from a barn and not getting the imperative urge to run in the opposite direction. Speaking of the music, isnt there Just that one swing your partner song and thats it? Photo taken during a rendition of their song Proud to be Illiterate. I guess its nard to play a variety ot tunes when your band consists ot people playing he washboard, broomstick-bass, and blowing into that Jug with the >OCC on it. Stay tuned for my upcoming entry on Jug bands Speaking of the musicians, apparently square dancing was so lacking in class that renamed the violin the fiddle. I can picture that conversation: Hey hairy, drooling Jug band member, is that a violin youre playing? A vi-o-what? Welp, I dont rightly know, mister. An accurate de scription of square dancing. I Just fiddle with it, so I guess thats what it is. a fiddle drool, drool, drool, slurping p drool, more drool* Im sure he also fiddles with other things like the engine of his primer-colored pick-up truck and his malformed wiener whenever his cousin is watching. I dont mean to over generalize, but in reiterating my idea to launch all square dancers into the sun, I propose it would do the world more good than harm. This is exactly what square dancing looks like to me. Im willing to bet that other long-standing traditions like racism, sexism, fear of progress, and hatred for the scientific community would prove directly correlated as they dropped exponentially. Sad Fact 1: Theres an international association of square dance callers named Callerlab. Seriously. An international organization. Sad Fact 2 : Did you know that square dancing has been designated the official state dance in 19 states? State dance?! Why the HELL are there even† Oh I give up! (*gun fires and body hits the floor*) End. Supplemental material: Link to Bugs Bunny in Hillbilly Hare. Excerpt of lyrics from Pickle Up a Doodle, a square dance call. When that devil comes a-courtin, Ah-haw! Hell catch all eight, with a right hand half, Back by the left, go once and a half. Turn the corner by the right, make a wrong-way thar, And ya pickle up a doodle in the middle of the star. Shoot that star, left allemande, gonna pass your partner by, You box the gnat with the next one, and you swing er mighty high. Walk all around that corner, turn a left hand round your girl, Four ladies chain, chain the big, wide, wicked world. Roll promenade a shady lady. Gents roll back, but only one, Promenade, youre gonna have a little fun. It aint no sin to swing and sway, An you pickle up a doodle in the middle of the day.

Narrative of Fredrick Douglas essays

Narrative of Fredrick Douglas essays This book was really interesting to me The Narrative Of Fredrick Douglas. It was about his life and how he wanted to escape from slavery. He was sold and traded to many different plantations. He really never knew his own age. When he was born he was seperated from his mom and his whole family. His father was white but he never saw him before, people told him that his father was a slave owner. While he was growing up on the plantation he saw people getting whipped for hours. When he was sold to Balitimore a lady there taught him how to read and write. Then when he got older he starting teaching other black people how to read and write. He was the only slave that would fight back to there slave owner. One time he was severly beat up because the slave owner heard that he wanted to escape. When he escaped to the north, he start talking to people of how it is was being a slave. Then he became a lecturer about slavery. He was the only one that wanted to learn how to read, and he was the only one that fought back at his slaveowners. I admire him for what he did. He was also the only slave that really wanted to escape from his plantation and head out to the north. After he escaped from slavery and headed out north, he told people how it was there on the plantation, and black people were being whipped and beaten for hours. All the people admired Fredrick Douglas for what he did. He really let people know how it was being a slave. ...

MBA Math Skills Every Business Student Needs

MBA Math Skills Every Business Student Needs While some math requirements will vary by program, there are several MBA math skills that every business student needs to succeed. These skills can be obtained (or brushed up on) online, as part of a GMAT prep program or in a math refresher course, such as the pre-MBA math boot camps offered by many business schools. Some of the most important MBA math skills involve basic number sense, algebra, calculus, statistics, and probability. Basic Number Sense Basic number sense may seem elementary, but it is important because it is the foundation for all of the business math you will do in an MBA program. You should be able to understand symbolic representation (i.e. the different ways numbers can be represented), how numbers relate to each other, and how numbers can be used in real-world situations. More specifically, you should be able to: Represent numbers as percents, fractions and decimalsPerform conversions on percents, fractions and decimalsSolve problems using percents, decimals, fractions and mixed numbersSimplify mathematical expressions using the appropriate order of operations Algebra for Business Reviewing all the algebra you learned in high school is a must. Algebra is used constantly in business math, particularly in economics, finance, and statistics courses. You can start your preparation by reviewing the definitions of key terms like variable, constant, exponent and operator. After that, you should practice simplifying algebraic expressions, evaluating algebraic expressions with multiple variables, and expanding algebraic expressions using the distributive property. Finally, take time to learn how to: Solve linear equationsSolve systems of linear equationsSolve quadratics by factoringSimplify and solve binomialsSimplify and solve polynomials Calculus for Business Most business school professors will help you understand the calculus you need to know as you go through the curriculum, but if you spend all your time learning the math while youre in a program, youll get a lot less out of most courses than you should. Its a good idea to master a few essential calculus skills prior to the start of your program. Here are specific concepts to know before you go: Function composition and graphingFunction operationsLimits of functionsSlopes and rates of changeDerivatives and differentiationMinimum and maximum valuesExponentials and logarithmsDefinite and indefinite integrals Statistics for Business Statistical analysis is a common task in many MBA courses.  It is important to understand key measures, such as measures of central tendency and measures of spread or dispersion, as well as key properties of populations and samples. Brushing up on the following statistics concepts will help you ace your coursework: Calculate mean, median, mode and rangeCalculate the standard deviationCalculate normal distributionIdentify shifts in the meanCalculate statistical significanceInterpret sampling distributionEstimate sample and population variance Probability for Business When it comes to MBA math, knowing how to calculate probabilities is helpful but not absolutely essential. However, it is important to know how to use numerical probabilities to interpret scenarios, clarify information in uncertain scenarios, and communicate the probability of certain events occurring. You should know how to define all of the following terms: Dependent eventIndependent eventSimple eventCompound eventComplementary eventMutually exclusive eventNon-mutually exclusive eventConditional probability Math for Finance Every MBA student  takes at least one finance class. If youre specializing in a finance-related track, youll take quite a few finance classes. The curriculum will be much easier to navigate if you are familiar with finance mathematics. Some of the specific topics youll want to study before heading off to business school include the time value of money, rates of return and interest formulas. You should be able to calculate: Present and future valuesRequired rate of returnSimple rate of returnModified rate of returnInternal rate of returnSimple interest and compound interest Math for Accounting Like finance classes, accounting classes are practically  inevitable in an MBA program. Youll spend a lot of time working with financial statements, which means you need to be comfortable with common financial ratios. Understanding these ratios will help you analyze trends and perform ratio analysis. You should learn how to calculate: Liquidity ratiosFinancial leverage ratiosProfitability ratiosAsset turnover ratiosDividend policy ratios

Farm Credit System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Farm Credit System - Essay Example To present day, this system has continually serve the farmers and also prolonged its dominancy source in terms of long term farm debt. Statistics indicate that this dominant force has grown continually from 20 percent of real estate farm debt to 40 percent from a presided long period of time thus from 1960- 2006 (Bitter and Gordon 45). It is important to have knowledge of its consumer base which includes farmers, various producers of aquatic products, ranchers, select rural communications and energy companies, agricultural cooperatives, rural homeowners including other eligible entities as a whole. History The farm credit system can basically be described as a nationwide network of various cooperative banks including other associations that are capable of providing credit to farmers. They are also capable of attending agricultural concerns including various related business. It was created in 1916 by the United States parliament and the federal government supported it by funding it. This ensured that the American agriculture had at least a dependable source of revenue or credit. At the moment, it is now independent and self funding since it is owned by member borrower. The farm credit system has undergone several rounds changes in its structure that has dated back since its inception in Roosevelt era of administration. Trough creation of federal land banks in an estimated area of about 12 regions in the United States, the federal farm loan act developed a credit delivery system to the large agricultural sector. A kind of a fund chain was developed where the land banks provided funds to the regional banks including associations. The regional banks were then supposed to support farmers by providing them with long term mortgage thus financing them in their various projects. The farm credit act of 1933 born during the great depression period was imposed to booster agricultural production. This was by simply funneling short term credits thus by the 12 production cre dit associations incorporated by 13 bank capable of supporting agricultural cooperatives (Bitter and Gordon 48). The emergency farm mortgage act was mobilized to refund the FLBs to stand as a help package for farmers who were facing foreclosures including debt complications. In 1987, every credit agency existing was transformed to a farm credit administration. Economic Impact The farm credit system provides loans for a variety of purposes. This includes funding agricultural processing including other market activities, farm related businesses, rural housing initiatives, rural utilities including both foreign and domestic companies that are involved in the agricultural trade. It also provides access to various critically required rural areas where national including regional banks control. It has also abandoned it intended mission as it consolidates into one of the largest headquartered scores. This is through distancing itself from farmers including the ranchers they are supposed to primarily serve. In fact, the traditional notion of a cooperative which is member ran for the purpose of benefiting members gives away to one administration. This is through hired managers intends on structuring GSE empires as long as FCS associations continues to grow (Zachman 32). This empire building has led to the abandonment of the intended mission by the farm credit system instead led to a different direction of focusing on large borrowers. This is at the expense of serving YBS farmers thus termed as the little guy of the American culture. The farm system associations now consolidate a huge association which is directly more to their marketing efforts. This is intended towards making bigger and more profitable loans on large scale

Having our say and black men and public space (racism) Essay

Having our say and black men and public space (racism) - Essay Example The African American life is detailed in these stories. The story has a purpose of promoting harmony, courage and equality among American people. The stories talks about the mean ways of human and how they think color of skin decides the quality of a human. The writers alerts us that racism is an obstacle which is not easy to overcome and one need lot of determination and willpower to succeed in life in such a situation. Both the stories tell us that black people are treated in public place with despise and hatred. These narrations make us realize the hard life of black people in America who had to face racism throughout their life. They feel stolen of their identity, rights and freedom. They had to face racist attack at school, restaurants, public transport and work. This kind of alienation put forward a kind of resentment, revenge and frustration among black population. The black sisters in the novel â€Å"Having our say† talk how they handled the racism. One of the sisters responds strongly while the other one was submissive. This reality as many do not respond to criticism while some may be expressive. Staple understands that such racist view can hurt one immensely but keeps silence as he think it is a better way to face the situation. The racism is unfortunate for a country like America where people are educated and civilized. These readings show that education necessarily does not mean being civilized. The reading â€Å"Black men in public space† indicate that black people are often taken as criminals. Black men are often mistaken for being a rapist, mugger or burglar. People lock their doors or stay away when they see black men at public places. It is as if the black people represent crime and white people are perceived as moral and decent. The author of this tells that he has been mistaken for being a criminal many times which shows the ignorance and racist attitudes of white race. The author claims that white people have a misconception

Representation and Stereotype of Women in Video Games Dissertation

Representation and Stereotype of Women in Video Games - Dissertation Example The portrayal of the woman in video games has always been a controversial topic. It is controversial because it reflects the negative sides of the woman. It is the major claim of those who protest against the stereotype of women that in video games women are presented in an unrealistic and exaggerated manner. The video games mostly contain the violence and sex together. The women are generally represented as a hyper-sexual character. The content of the dissertation thus shows that the girls as well as women are based on gender-stereotyped. Hence, it is quite common to see a woman with a typical figure and complexion and in a tight outfit. Keywords: videogames, women, portrayal, unrealistic hypersexual Executive Summary: This paper is based on the stereotype presentation of the women in video games. Women’s image in all types of media has always been just a sex symbol. Whatever the media would be, such as television, advertisements or any type of magazines and newspaper, the wo men cannot come out of the typical periphery which is drawn for them by the male dominated society. In media they are sometimes shown in a very humiliating manner. This research has discussed thoroughly on the same issue. The research paper is divided into four different chapters. First chapter is associated with problems and its setting. The researcher decided this kind of subject out of the concern of the portrayal of women in video games and their impact on the society, especially the adolescent young boys around whom the entire video industry is revolving. The women in video games are far from reality from all points of view such as their physical appearance and the role they played in the game. In the first chapter the introduction about the topic is given. Then the researcher has designed the problem related questions for discussion. There are five research questions to be discussed. The researcher then discusses about the significance of the problem and significance of his re search. The researcher here has discussed about the usefulness of his research in finding out the problem. In the next section the researcher deals with the significance of the study. For any research to be reached to its conclusion the hypotheses are necessary to form so that it can give a proper direction for the research. Here the researcher has taken the hypothesis that still the image of women in video games is stereotype and it has not changed. The women are shown either as a sex symbol or a passive and distressed object. After that the researcher discusses the scope of the study. There are many new concepts in the research paper so it is necessary to mention the definition of the terms used in the research paper. Here the researcher has given the definitions of various terms used in the research paper. The second chapter deals with the literature review. For the research it is very necessary to find out the related documents or any existing theory which can support the ideas of the researcher. The references have been collected from various sources such as books written on this same topic. Apart from that some previous research papers, articles, blogs, websites etc are also referred. The researcher has given thorough information about the collection and information which has been collected by the above mentioned sources. In the third chapter, the

Danderous hazing rituals ,binge drinking and inappropriate behavior in Essay

Danderous hazing rituals ,binge drinking and inappropriate behavior in fraternities and sororities - Essay Example Fraternities espouse the idea of Brotherhood. A college student enters a college or university and has an entire selection of fraternities that he could pledge into. As soon as he has decided, he becomes a pledge to this fraternity, he is given a series of tests or tasks that he must accomplish – part of hazing – to prove his loyalty and commitment to the Brotherhood, and to prove that he is strong or at least courageous enough to be able to fight for his brothers when the opportunity arises. Sadly, opportunities arise far too often, as fraternities as more often than not involved in fights with other rival fraternities. This is one of the bad behaviors looked down upon among several undesirable fraternity activities. Once the pledge has passed the initiation rites, he then enters the fraternity as a full-pledged brother, and is usually entitled to all the perks and advantages that the fraternity has to offer. One of the advantages of joining a fraternity is becoming part of a housing system wherein all the brothers supposedly share responsibility for. This includes keeping the house tidy, cooking meals for their brothers and generally maintaining the fraternity house to be a desirable group bachelor pad to be enticing enough to stay at and to attract other possible future influential members. Part of keeping the brotherhood alive means running one of the most important social activities on campuses that maintain or promote the status of a fraternity: having great and well-attended parties. This usually involves inviting partner fraternities or sororities that have the â€Å"hottest† kinds of people as their members. What this entails is maintaining and widening its social network to include the most influential people on-, and sometimes off-campus. Parties such as these are often venues for heavy drinking, and indulgence in other undesirable vices. Of course indulging in these vic es often

How technologies can be used to make the border system stronger Dissertation

How technologies can be used to make the border system stronger - Dissertation Example The topic of research is based on the concept of border security. In the past, the researcher has worked in the Homeland Security Centers of Excellence and it is through his experience at the department that directed him towards basing his research project on border security. Homeland Security dispatches a range of resources and funds to the federal, state and the local governments, allowing the amalgamation of a number of individually-operating agencies into a collective whole. The agencies work in collaboration with each other for the achievement of shared objectives. These objectives aim to uphold the integrity and security of the country and subserve to provide the utmost protection to the US population. The Homeland Security Centers of Excellence operate under the Office of University Programs and aim to recruit and attract renowned researchers and enthusiasts for carrying out research programs. The research brings together professionals from various fields and uses their expert ise to come up with solutions for homeland security. Each research center is affiliated with a university and their research ventures are supported and collaborated upon by a number of agencies including think tanks, laboratories, and private institutions. The research work carried out at the Security Centers is in line with the research requirements of the divisions of the Department of Homeland Security  Science and Technology Directorate. The collaboration helps to deliver top-of-the-line technology solutions for the problems facing the Department as well as the country on the whole (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2009). In particular, one of the Centers, National Center for Border Security and Immigration, is focused on the promotion and enhancement of border security. This was the Center that I was associated with. The Centre is led and supported by two universities: one being the research co-lead while the other is the education co-lead. The Center is committed to the development of technologies, tools and sophisticated procedures to regulate and monitor immigration and business across the borders. This involves the development of projects that promote border security and make it stronger and more effective. There are a number of aspects relating to borders security that the Center focuses on; these include risks and weaknesses, better surveillance and screening, analysis of immigration patterns and improvements in immigration law enforcement (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2009). The conditions that have developed after the 9/11 have exposed many gaps in the security and surveillance mechanisms. These gaps and vulnerabilities have become yet more acute in light of pressing security demands after the rise in terrorism over the previous years. Besides the post-9/11 conditions and terrorism there are other factors that have necessitated a revision of the immigration and border security systems. These include greater security reviews, insuffic ient collaboration with NGOs and the government, disputed policy tensions etc (Kerwin 2011). My research question is how important is border security today and what measures can be taken to improve it? The research project focuses in particular on the development and enforcement of better surveillance mechanisms and advanced technologies for regulating the influx of immigrants as well as goods such as false documents, illegal medicines, drugs and other illegal items. The project focuses on various aspects associated with development of such technologies, including their pros and cons. One of the key features that guarantees the success of a research project is the amount of information collected regarding it. Keeping this in mind, the research objectives can be defined as follows: Revisiting the importance of border security Identifying the need to develop better methods of surveillance and border security Reviewing the available literature and successful technologies used

Climate Change in the boreal forests Research Proposal

Climate Change in the boreal forests - Research Proposal Example Migration rate of trees and plants will be explored through review of the available scientific literature and by studying applicable data as well as geographical maps pertaining to the subject. Scientists have been able to record the travels of boreal forest species in the past by linking the appearance and disappearance of tree with the Earths carbon dioxide level and temperature. These data will be further investigated and analyzed so that migration rates could be accurately established. The paper will also try to explore available models that have been employed to study the migration rate and consistency among the results derived from them. This will help correlate the results derived from the other statistical methods. That is how the true picture of migration rate can be found. Due to migration, boreal forests are likely to reduce at a much faster rate compared to what they can expand. The net effect will be drastic reduction in boreal forest cover releasing considerable amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. That will further speed up the rate of climate change setting a vicious cycle. The rate of migration, thus, will help predict the likely consequences in coming years and help us take remedial measures for the survival of

How technologies can be used to make the border system stronger Dissertation

How technologies can be used to make the border system stronger - Dissertation Example The topic of research is based on the concept of border security. In the past, the researcher has worked in the Homeland Security Centers of Excellence and it is through his experience at the department that directed him towards basing his research project on border security. Homeland Security dispatches a range of resources and funds to the federal, state and the local governments, allowing the amalgamation of a number of individually-operating agencies into a collective whole. The agencies work in collaboration with each other for the achievement of shared objectives. These objectives aim to uphold the integrity and security of the country and subserve to provide the utmost protection to the US population. The Homeland Security Centers of Excellence operate under the Office of University Programs and aim to recruit and attract renowned researchers and enthusiasts for carrying out research programs. The research brings together professionals from various fields and uses their expert ise to come up with solutions for homeland security. Each research center is affiliated with a university and their research ventures are supported and collaborated upon by a number of agencies including think tanks, laboratories, and private institutions. The research work carried out at the Security Centers is in line with the research requirements of the divisions of the Department of Homeland Security  Science and Technology Directorate. The collaboration helps to deliver top-of-the-line technology solutions for the problems facing the Department as well as the country on the whole (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2009). In particular, one of the Centers, National Center for Border Security and Immigration, is focused on the promotion and enhancement of border security. This was the Center that I was associated with. The Centre is led and supported by two universities: one being the research co-lead while the other is the education co-lead. The Center is committed to the development of technologies, tools and sophisticated procedures to regulate and monitor immigration and business across the borders. This involves the development of projects that promote border security and make it stronger and more effective. There are a number of aspects relating to borders security that the Center focuses on; these include risks and weaknesses, better surveillance and screening, analysis of immigration patterns and improvements in immigration law enforcement (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2009). The conditions that have developed after the 9/11 have exposed many gaps in the security and surveillance mechanisms. These gaps and vulnerabilities have become yet more acute in light of pressing security demands after the rise in terrorism over the previous years. Besides the post-9/11 conditions and terrorism there are other factors that have necessitated a revision of the immigration and border security systems. These include greater security reviews, insuffic ient collaboration with NGOs and the government, disputed policy tensions etc (Kerwin 2011). My research question is how important is border security today and what measures can be taken to improve it? The research project focuses in particular on the development and enforcement of better surveillance mechanisms and advanced technologies for regulating the influx of immigrants as well as goods such as false documents, illegal medicines, drugs and other illegal items. The project focuses on various aspects associated with development of such technologies, including their pros and cons. One of the key features that guarantees the success of a research project is the amount of information collected regarding it. Keeping this in mind, the research objectives can be defined as follows: Revisiting the importance of border security Identifying the need to develop better methods of surveillance and border security Reviewing the available literature and successful technologies used

Why did he write this Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why did he write this - Essay Example He does not necessarily write this essay simply to drum into its reader the importance of reading, which has been done many times and in many different ways, but to explore how reading shaped and morphed his life, and use this exploration to examine how people go about reading and what reading can be more generally, and hopefully, to have the reader examine their relationship to reading. â€Å"The Lonely, Good Company of Books† takes on almost a narrative format, outlining the different stages of his life in terms of what readings he did and how he interpreted readings. He starts by talking about his upbringing, about how his parents interacted with their reading and how that affected him. He said that his parents read nothing more substantive than a recipe or a pamphlet, and believed that reading should be kept to a bare minimum, only extract the important information you need and then stop (Rodriguez). He then moves on to explain the next step in his relationship with reading, and the influences on it. One of the major influences with reading was his mother, as mentioned before. When Rodriguez wanted to be a writer, his mother advised him not to, saying that it would be a foolish financial decision (Rodriguez). But there were counterinfluences going against the influence his parents put on him, like an Old Nun who encouraged him to read, telling him that th rough reading he could access new characters and experiences that he never would have been able to imagine or live himself. This narrative framework, talking about his relationship with reading from a young age as well as the influences who affected his relationship with reading, helps force anyone who reads â€Å"The Lonely, Good Company of Books† to examine the own parallel happenings in their life. Everyone conceives of their own life in a narrative form, understanding how they

Tell Tale Heart Analysis Essay Example for Free

Tell Tale Heart Analysis Essay Poe creates horror in The Tell Tale Heart by using literary devices such as irony and similes. There are two kinds of irony that he uses. The irony that he uses is situational and dramatic irony. When the narrator, the man who killed the old man, is done killing the old man, he cuts his body up and puts the body under the floorboards. When the three policemen come, the reader thinks that the narrator will get away with his crime because he executed his crime so well and he hid the body so well. When the policemen are done searching the house they all sit down and the narrator sits on top of the old man’s dead body. While the policemen are chatting, the narrator hears the beating of the old man’s heart and the sound of it grows louder and louder and louder until finally, the narrator confesses his crime because he can’t take hearing the sound anymore and he thinks the policemen are mocking him. The narrator didn’t really hear the sound of a heartbeat, but the sound of his guilt. This is an example of situational irony since the reader expects him to get away with the crime, but in actuality, he confesses his crime instead. Three policemen came to inspect the house because a shriek had been heard by a neighbor. The readers know that the reason a shriek was heard is because the narrator killed the old man and while the narrator was killing him, he let out shriek, but only once. This is an example of dramatic irony because the readers know that the narrator killed the old man which resulted in the shriek. However, the policemen don’t know that. After the narrator killed the old man and buried his cut up body under the floorboards, he heard the old man’s heartbeat. It wasn’t actually the sound of a heartbeat; it was the sound of the narrator’s guilt since he killed the old man. In the story it said â€Å"It was a low, dull, quick sound like a watch makes when inside a piece of cotton. † This is an example of a simile because Edgar Allan Poe compares the sound of the old man’s beating heart with the sound of a watch inside a piece of cotton.

Thier Eyes Were Watching God :: essays research papers

In life everyone tries to find their true identity. For some it comes naturally, for others it might take years to find their identity, or they might never find it at all. In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God; Zora Neale Hurston reveals a woman’s identity through her struggles in life, her treatment by society, and her thoughts on life. Janie a young African American girl who grew up in white life style; believed she was related of them till about the age of six. This impact changed Janie’s view on life. While she thought she was able to do things the color of her skin held her back. This made her try harder to accomplish her goals. When her grandmother insisted that she marry Logan she did not want to. Janie married him to fulfill her grandmother’s dreams. Even though Janie did not love him she struggled till she could not stand it and left with Joe.† It had always been his wish and desire to be a big voice and he had to live nearly thirty years to find a chance.† (28) While, Janie was with Joe in Eaton Vile she had a higher status then the rest of the towns people. Janie tried to interact with them, but Joe would not let her. He thought of Janie as being better then all of them. This led to the way she was treated in society. All of the women in the town thought Janie had everything, but Janie did not. She wanted to be excepted as part of them. When Joe died people in the town expected Janie to be mournful, so she put on an act for them. â€Å"She sent her face to Joe’s funeral, and herself went rollicking with the springtime across the world.† (88) After, Joe’s death Janie still ran the store. While working she meet Tea Cake, he showed her how to play checkers. â€Å"Somebody wanted her to play. Somebody thought it natural for her to play.† (96) This represents how he treated her as equal. Tea Cake compared to the other two husbands in Janie’s life was everything she was looking for. Tea Cake taught her so much that she started to fell more independent. After, Tea Cake’s death Janie grieves on the inside so much that she

Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. :: English Literature

Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. "I wander thro' each chartered street," this is William Blake, walking slowly, almost lost, taking notice of everything he sees around him. By 'chartered' William Blake can mean two different things, he can mean wealthy and prosperous or he can mean streets that are chartered / charted on a map, this is better explained in the next line where he speaks of the 'chartered' Thames, giving us the impression that he is in fact speaking of the chartered / charted meaning. "Near where the chartered Thames does flow," the second line of the first verse sheds some more light on where William Blake actually is, he is on the 'streets' by the Thames -London. As London was quite small he is probably talking about the whole of London, not just a certain part. "And mark in every face I meet, marks of weakness, marks of woe," By weakness William Blake again mean two things, he can mean physical weakness resulting from starvation or hunger and the work they have done, he can also mean mental weakness, lack of hope or happiness and maybe lack of intelligence, as many people in those times in the poor/working class areas may not have gone to school. By 'woe' Blake can mean anguish and despair. Altogether William Blake states that all the people he meets are glum and/or sad. "In every cry of every man, In every infants cry of fear In every voice, in every ban The mind-forged manacles I hear" This is the second of four verses, and it describes what William Blake 'hears' as he 'wanders thro' each chartered street.' He states that in every mans cry, in every infants cry, in every voice and every sign he can see the limits set to the people by themselves in the mind and the lack of hope. The limits and lack of hope, I think, stem from the mental 'weakness' described in the first verse. "How the chimney-sweepers cry Every blackening church appals." I think that these two opening lines of the third verse have a lot of meaning. Chimney-sweepers were often young children who were forced to climb up/down chimneys to clean them. They often worked long hours and received little pay. Then William Blake mentions the 'blackening church' - a church is almost like a sanctuary for most people, but for the chimney-sweepers, there is no rest or sanctuary, no place to forget about there troubles, even the church needs to be cleaned, a place of purity is tainted and blackened ant the work goes on for the chimney-sweepers. "And the hapless soldiers cry Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. :: English Literature Comparison of London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge. "I wander thro' each chartered street," this is William Blake, walking slowly, almost lost, taking notice of everything he sees around him. By 'chartered' William Blake can mean two different things, he can mean wealthy and prosperous or he can mean streets that are chartered / charted on a map, this is better explained in the next line where he speaks of the 'chartered' Thames, giving us the impression that he is in fact speaking of the chartered / charted meaning. "Near where the chartered Thames does flow," the second line of the first verse sheds some more light on where William Blake actually is, he is on the 'streets' by the Thames -London. As London was quite small he is probably talking about the whole of London, not just a certain part. "And mark in every face I meet, marks of weakness, marks of woe," By weakness William Blake again mean two things, he can mean physical weakness resulting from starvation or hunger and the work they have done, he can also mean mental weakness, lack of hope or happiness and maybe lack of intelligence, as many people in those times in the poor/working class areas may not have gone to school. By 'woe' Blake can mean anguish and despair. Altogether William Blake states that all the people he meets are glum and/or sad. "In every cry of every man, In every infants cry of fear In every voice, in every ban The mind-forged manacles I hear" This is the second of four verses, and it describes what William Blake 'hears' as he 'wanders thro' each chartered street.' He states that in every mans cry, in every infants cry, in every voice and every sign he can see the limits set to the people by themselves in the mind and the lack of hope. The limits and lack of hope, I think, stem from the mental 'weakness' described in the first verse. "How the chimney-sweepers cry Every blackening church appals." I think that these two opening lines of the third verse have a lot of meaning. Chimney-sweepers were often young children who were forced to climb up/down chimneys to clean them. They often worked long hours and received little pay. Then William Blake mentions the 'blackening church' - a church is almost like a sanctuary for most people, but for the chimney-sweepers, there is no rest or sanctuary, no place to forget about there troubles, even the church needs to be cleaned, a place of purity is tainted and blackened ant the work goes on for the chimney-sweepers. "And the hapless soldiers cry

Formational Hermeneutics

When the Journey of that begins at the intersections of sin and shame, the destination is almost convincingly assured. It is difficult to block out the persistent, internal voice that whispers, uniform no good. You're a sinner. You're a loser. You'll never amount to anything significant in this life. † These internal whispers convince people that they are nothing more than â€Å"wretches† who are somehow lucky to be â€Å"saved† by God's â€Å"amazing grace. † To that point, some of the most significant Christian hymns may even be guilty of reinforcing this type of â€Å"theology'. On the other hand, many â€Å"goodChristian people† are afraid of what they perceive as â€Å"the alternative theology' which they somehow think subtlety and incorrectly suggests, muff are gods. You have Christ-consciousness. You are divine. † Many well-meaning followers of Christ are afraid that giving these words any space in their hearts may actually lead them d own a completely different road of skewed theology by convincing them that they should be the one sitting in God's place, that they don't need to rely on anyone bigger than themselves because they already have everything they need in and of themselves.The Christian's primary responsibility is to determine exactly what the Bible says about their true identity and what their responsibilities are as followers of Christ. A Christian living out of their true identity in Christ has the power to change the world. Who is Christ? In order to properly understand their true identity in Christ, a Christian must first appropriately determine who Jesus Christ actually is. While this may seem like a fairly simple question on the surface, it may actually be much more complicated than originally expected.For example, the Jesus many Christians come to know when they first experience heir life-transforming moment of faith (Conversion Experience) may not be the same Jesus to them twenty years later. Li fe's many twists and turns have a tendency to distort some Christians' understanding of Jesus. The simple, â€Å"child-like† faith that originally rescued them from the domain of darkness has become much more complicated and convoluted through the years and their image of who Jesus is has the tendency to be drastically altered through these experiences.For others, the Christ they came to know by faith turned out to be more of an â€Å"intellectual Christ† than anything else. Once they finally had the opportunity to meet the real Jesus â€Å"experientially', it changed their complete understanding of who He really is. Much like Saul on the Road to Damascus, when the authentic Jesus shows up in all of His glory, He has a tendency to turn everything we always thought we knew completely upside down! One's personal, intellectual knowledge of Him? Is it through a personal experience one has at some point in life?Or could it be that the best way to honestly understand who Je sus Christ is can be found in the pages of His Word, the Bible? The story of who Jesus is remains consistent throughout the pages of Scripture according to Stan Janet and Bruce Bicker: Jesus Christ is God in the flesh, The Messiah, The Savior of the World. He came to earth to show humanity how they were designed to live, and as a result of Him living this kind of life fully and completely, humanity sentenced Jesus to death by crucifixion. Manta 1998, 205-211) But even death couldn't stop Jesus.His resurrection from the dead proved that He was who He said He was and that He was capable of changing everything for those who trusted Him enough to put their complete confidence in Him. According to Christian Smith, Jesus Christ is also â€Å"the purpose, center, and interpretive key' to the entire Bible. (Smith 2011, 97) When the Holy Scriptures are read â€Å"Characteristically, Chronologically, and Characteristically', the story of the Bible finally begins making spiritual sense. (Smi th 2011, 98) The Bible is all about Jesus.Every Old Testament story foreshadows Him. Every Prophecy points to Him. The Gospels are an eyewitness account of His life and the remainder of the New Testament reinforces who Jesus is and why He should be the centerpiece for everyone who calls him or herself a Christian. Jesus Christ is God in the flesh pursuing a relationship with His children. He is trying to show them who they really are in relationship to Him. He is desperately trying to convince them of their true identity because he understands the implications of this life-altering truth.It has been misunderstood and misrepresented by well-meaning Christians for thousands of years and it continues to be misunderstood today, but if those who call themselves followers of Christ could finally understand their true identity and begin living freely and unabashedly out of that identity, it would have the power to revolutionize the oral! Christian Smith does an amazing Job of convincing hi s readers that the interpretive key to understanding not only what the Bible is all about, but who they are in their core identity is Jesus Christ Himself. Who Are We in Christ?In the tenth chapter of John's Gospel we find a very interesting interaction between Jesus and a group of unbelieving Jews during the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem. Jesus was in the temple area walking in Salmon's Colonnade when he finds Himself surrounded by a group of Jews who desperately want Him to tell them plainly if he is â€Å"the Christ†. Jesus responds to their intense questioning by ultimately saying, â€Å"l and the Father are one. † Noon 10:30 NIB) Upon hearing this, the Bible says that several of the Jews picked up stones intending to stone Jesus to death.What could've possibly caused this type of response from the Jews? It could only be that Jesus, a mere man in their eyes, was making a direct claim to be God Himself. This was considered a sin of blasphemy and was punishable by death! This is where the passage starts to get interesting and much can be learned about the Christian's true identity when we understand the intent behind Jesus' words. Even though the Jews reiterate their reasoning for their desire to stone Jesus to death in verse 33 as blasphemy, Jesus' response is what's most intriguing as it relates to the basis of this assignment.Being the true Rabbi and Scholar He was known to written in your Law, ‘I have said you are gods'? If he called them ‘gods,' to whom the word of God came – and the Scripture cannot be broken – what about the one whom the Father set apart as his very own and sent into the world? Why then do you accuse me of blasphemy because I said, ‘l am God's Son? Do not believe me unless I do what my Father does. † According to Author and Theologian D. A. Carson, when Jesus quotes Psalm 82, He's proving that the word ‘god' is â€Å"legitimately used to refer to others besides God himself. Carson 1991, 397) If there are others whom God can address as ‘god', then why should anyone object when Jesus says He is God's Son? Furthermore, how could anyone object that one of the most pressing issues in the Church today is for Chrism's Followers to begin living as the ‘gods' they were created to be? After all, doesn't this Scripture seem to support the idea that True Followers of Jesus Christ are created with God's Divine DNA? In the very essence of their being, aren't true Followers of Christ indeed divine?It is absolutely essential that Christians begin learning to live appropriately as ‘gods' if they're going to experience everything God intended them to experience in this life. In order to completely understand what Jesus is saying in the tenth chapter of John's Gospel, it's critical to read and understand Psalm 82 in it's entirely and determine precisely what was being said, to whom it was being said and why Jesus chose to quote this particular passage of the Bible at this exact moment in time while He was being accused of the sin of blasphemy.Carson suggests a few options in correctly understanding and interpreting Psalm 82: 1 . God is addressing Israel's Judges – The Judges are referred to as ‘gods' because they exercise Justice â€Å"divinely' by determining who will be â€Å"saved† and who will be â€Å"wiped out†. Unfortunately these Judges are actually accused of corrupting Justice in Psalm 82. 2. God is addressing Angelic Powers – Based upon evidence in the Separating and certain ancient documents from Kumara, it has been suggested that the ‘gods' referred to may be fallen angelic beings.If these types of angels can be referred to as ‘gods', then certainly Jesus appropriately uses the term in reference to Himself. 3. God is addressing Israel at the time of The Giving of the Law – Many Rabbi's ascribed this view of Psalm 82. Carson seems convinced that this is the most si mple and yet accurate view of Psalm 82: God addressing all of Israel. (Carson 1991, 398-399) Understanding the entire context of Psalm 82 is critical to an appropriate understanding of what Jesus is saying back in John 10.If God can refer to the entire nation of Israel as ‘gods' and ‘sons of the Most High', then Jesus has provided satirical precedent for why He chooses to refer not only to Himself as the â€Å"Son of God† throughout the Gospels, but specifically why it's completely appropriate, even more, why it's preferred that we understand our own identity as ‘gods' and ‘sons of the Most High' as we live the Christian life today. (Gabrielle 1991, 535) Indeed our complete goal in this life according to C. S. Lewis is to become a â€Å"little Christ† and to begin living out of this life-transforming truth! (Lewis 1952, 58) A Compelling Argument for Thesis?Thesis is a term commonly used by the Eastern Orthodox Church to describe the desired end result of the salvation process. † (Lowell 1984, 1191) The word was made man, it is that men might become gods. † (Lowell 1984, 1191) Similar phrases are also found with many other Church Fathers such as Euthanasia and many others to support their understanding of what encompasses a true salvation experience. Gregory of NASA, Justine Martyr, Hippopotamus of Rome, Basil of Caesar, Clement of Alexandria all understood the process of what later came to be known as â€Å"Thesis†. Augustine of Hippo said, â€Å"For He hath given them power to become the sons of God.If we have been made sons of God, we have also been made gods. It doesn't get much more obvious than this. Except maybe when Clement of Alexandria said, â€Å"The Word of God became man, that thou majesty learn from man how man may become God. † (Roberts 1994, Volvo. 2) These and other great Theologians down through the years use Biblical Texts like Romans 8:29, 1 John 3:2 and especially 2 Peter 1:4 to support their understanding of the doctrine of Thesis. Certainly one must consider the â€Å"preponderance of the evidence† when considering the doctrine of Thesis and whether or not a person has the potential of experiencing divinity.According to the Apostle Peter, believers are invited to â€Å"participate in the divine nature† as the ultimate goal of every human life. This â€Å"divination† is in fact the ultimate spiritual experience available to everyone who identifies himself or herself as a follower of Jesus Christ. Becoming more divine, more like God by understanding the importance of taking on a divine nature may be the most important and most neglected aspect of Christian Spirituality today. In fact, if it's true that â€Å"divination† is the ultimate fulfillment of what it means to be human, the process may be more appropriately offered to as ultimate â€Å"humiliation. (Christensen 2008, 325) Divination is not a transcending of what it mea ns to be human, but the fulfillment of what it means to be human. As the Apostle John so eloquently says in 1 John 3:2, â€Å"when he Jesus) appears, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is. † While many readers believe this text refers to some point in the future when the believer passes on from this life and meets Christ face-to-face in the next life, a growing number of theologically astute readers recognize this text as a promise for today!When the Apostle Paul experienced the Risen Christ personally on the Road to Damascus in Acts 9, didn't he â€Å"see him as he is†, and wasn't he transformed by the power of Chrism's Divinity? This same power is at work in the world and available to Followers of Christ today! When those who claim to be believers in Christ experience the power of the Resurrected Jesus, they are truly never the same. Their lives are transformed. They are changed into Little Chrism's.They have the power of Divinity within them now as Chi ldren of the King of the Universe. In his Epistle to the Romans Paul said God predestined† those whom He foreknew to be â€Å"conformed to the likeness of his Son. † Was this simply a promise for life in the next world, or was this meant to be a promise lived out powerfully in today's world? When Paul lived out of this life- transforming truth himself, he was used by God to change almost everything and everyone around him.He testified as he was locked to prison guards, he stood before powerful Kings and unlike anyone else before him was able to do, Paul took the message of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles which changed the first-century world and continues to change the world today! A Holistic, Spiritual Response Are we all God's Children, or only Christians? This is a provocative question and one determine the way one approaches all of life. There are so many people who describe themselves as â€Å"Christians† in the world, yet never received a proper understanding of their true identity.What exactly does it mean to be a true â€Å"Christian†, a â€Å"little Christ†? Does it mean you are simply a follower of Christ, relying upon Him for your existence in this world but more importantly looking forward to the promise of your true â€Å"deification† in the next world? Or could it mean that your rue â€Å"divination† is available right here, right now in this world and that it has untapped power and potential to not only completely alter your life as you know it, but everyone else's life who comes into contact with you?It has been the intention of this paper to show that true â€Å"Christians† are sons and daughters of God right here, right now in this life today, and as God's Children, today's Christians have the power of God's Divine DNA living in them today! Imagine what an incredible impact this truth could have upon our world! Imagine what could happen if all Christians began understanding and living out of their true identity in Christ. God's Word says that as confessing Christians, we are all â€Å"gods† and â€Å"partakers in the Divine Nature† according to Holy Scripture.For many people who know this truth intellectually but have never learned out the power of this truth practically, it has had little to no impact upon their lives and religion has been Just that, stale, old religion with no perceived power to impact their lives in a practical way. But for a small minority of others who are beginning to grasp this truth beyond simply intellectually, it is impacting their lives and their worlds in unimaginable ways! Is it genuinely possible that Protestants have missed this amazing Biblical truth for all these years?And for those Orthodox brothers and sisters who are taught this doctrine from a very young age, why hasn't it had the life-transforming effect on their lives that seems so inevitable when one begins to understand the Biblical Teaching of Thesi s and Divination? What did Jesus really mean when He quoted Psalm 82 as He was about to get stoned to death for claiming to be God? It seems as though people making a lain to divinity has always had two very distinct effects on people: Some are drawn to the person and give up everything to follow them and learn from them as either God's Representative or in some cases as God Himself.Or they are completely put off by the claim and seek to put an end to the person making it (Remember the peoples' response to Jesus in John 10: 33). Could it be possible that there is a better way to understand Jesus' complex teaching on this topic? What if the Doctrine of Thesis was never meant to have such a divisive and popularizing effect, but instead was intended o bring power to the life of every Christian and enable to live the way God originally designed them to live in this life and the life to come?It is the intention of this author to prove that the â€Å"Christian† response to the teac hing of â€Å"Divination† and â€Å"Self- Deification† or â€Å"Thesis† should not be an â€Å"either/or† response, but a â€Å"yes/and† reply. (Roar 2013, 205) Yes, the Bible seems to very clearly teach that Jesus is 100% human, and it also teaches that Jesus is 100% divine. This is non-dual, inclusive thinking (Roar 2013, 235) and it is the type of thinking Christians need to implement more often if they are ever going to live the way they were designed to live – as gods in a God-bathed world.What Difference Does it Make in Practical Ministry? Responsibility in parenting their children. An effective parent wants nothing more than for their children to know who they are at their core and to live out of that unique, God-given identity. An effective pastor also wants the members of his or her congregation to understand who they are created to be and to be able to live out of that identity. The problem with so many Christians today is that the y've never been taught who hey really are in Christ: At their core being, according to Jesus' own teaching in John 10, they are gods.

Cognitive Approach Essay

Abstract: There are pros and cons to everything in life. Because I just started my education program, I was interested in researching the positive and negatives effects of an inclusion classroom. I wondered, what exactly were the positive effects this type of setting had on its special education population? I have always felt, in my opinion, that inclusion classrooms are helpful in numerous ways, but now it was time to see if research agreed. History and Background: In the past special education students were separated from general education students. â€Å"At the federal level, the recent No Child Left Behind Act (2001) and the current and previous versions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1997, 2004) require access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities† (Berry, 2006, p.490). Methodology: An inclusion classroom, also known as a CTT or Collaborative Team Teaching classroom, is a classroom that has both a general education population, as well as special education population, combined together. This special education population consists of children with mild to moderate disabilities, including physical, emotional, and learning. According to Berry (2006) â€Å"inclusion may be defined as 100% placement in age-appropriate general education or as a range of learning opportunities both within and outside the general education classroom† (p.490). A teacher can evaluate different perceptions based on how the students communicate with each other. Results: Berry (2006) found that students with disabilities often have difficulty not only academically, but socially. Placing these students in an inclusion classroom, as opposed to the smaller setting of years ago, helps students to benefit enormously. Depriving disabled children from participating in an inclusive classroom setting, â€Å"may underestimate the extent to which these students might benefit from social interactions and, at the most, deprive them of critical opportunities for learning and participation that can lead to autonomy and empowerment in classroom interactions† (Berry, 2006, p.492). Discussion: Inclusion classrooms have two teachers, one that specialized in special education, while the other focuses on general education. While the classroom functions as any other classroom would, incorporating whole, group, and individualized instruction, the smaller classroom setting and extra adults in the room to be quite helpful in helping those students who were struggling. The teachers make sure to use varied teaching techniques  and made sure to accommodate many different learning styles in their lessons. Howard Gardner, an educational theorist, believed in the idea of â€Å"multiple intelligences.† Gardner believed every child learned differently. According to Berry (2006) it is important for the teachers to learn how their students learn best in order for them to achieve their fullest potential. The teacher also observes how students interact with one another. Bias/Limitations: It has said that inclusion classrooms can hold back a general education student from progressing at a steady pace; when students were paired with other struggling students. I also found the combination of students of all different academic levels to play a positive role. While the â€Å"higher† student helped the â€Å"weaker† student academically, both learned social skills. Conclusion: Berry also discusses how language is a useful tool in an inclusion classroom. Berry discusses how reciprocal teaching is often used in these types of classrooms. Reciprocal teaching is a strategy in which the teacher uses â€Å"talk† to make her ideas clear. This â€Å"talk† is often focused around comprehension skills such as predicting, questioning, summarizing and clarifying (Berry, 2006). Why article was selected: The education system has come a long way since before the No Child Left Behind Act. In the past, any child with â€Å"special needs† was placed on the fourth floor of the building, out of sight. When the general education students saw any of the children with special needs, it was only at lunch, and they were easily identified because they were kept in small groups away from the other children. Today, inclusion has made it possible for many of children to interact and learn in the same environment as their peers. They are being treated as equals, rather than being hidden away in a corner. Reference: Berry, R. (2006). Inclusion, power and community: Teachers and students interpret the language of community in an inclusion classroom. American Educational Research Journal 43(3).